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Searching for the optimal WordPress file permissions? Or dislocated by what file permissions are in the beginning identify and why yous need to care about them at all?

Either way, we've got the answers for you in this mail, because we're going to cover everything you need to know well-nigh WordPress file permissions.

We'll explicate what file permissions are and why they matter. And so, we'll tell you the correct file permissions for WordPress and show you how to change file permissions via FTP.

📚 Table of contents:

• What are file permissions?
• Why exercise file permissions thing?
• What do the different numbers in file permissions mean?
• What are the correct file permissions?
• How to alter file permissions

⚠️ Note – if you already know what file permissions are and you're just looking for the optimal configuration for WordPress, we recommend clicking hither to find the optimal permissions.

What are file permissions?

File permissions practice pretty much what the name says – they control the permissions that different types of users take for interacting with files on your website'southward server.

For example, file permissions control whether a specific type of user can edit a certain file or folder on your server.

In that location are three specific permissions:

• Read – beingness able to view/read the contents of a file without changing it.
• Write – beingness able to edit/alter a file.
• Execute – being able to apply/execute a file. For example, running a script.

File permissions control what "users" can do, just information technology'due south not quite like "users" in the WordPress sense. Instead, it's users on your web server, which are unremarkably configured by your hosting provider.

There are three types of users:

• Owner – the entity that is assigned to be the possessor of a file or folder.
• Grouping – entities that are members of a group that owns the file or folder.
• Public – all other users.

Again, your hosting provider is the ane responsible for setting up these types of users. If you don't totally sympathise, that'due south fine. Non-developers don't actually demand to empathize these details – nosotros're just sharing it considering these are terms that yous'll see when reading about file permissions.

In total, yous'll accept ix different permission configurations considering at that place are iii types of users and each type of user has three potential permissions:

• Owner tin read, write, and/or execute.
• Group can read, write, and/or execute.
• Public can read, write, and/or execute.

When you configure your site, you'll typically requite the Possessor the near permissions, followed by Group, and and so Public should always have the fewest permissions.

For example, a typical configuration for WordPress files is equally follows:

• Owner tin can read and write.
• Grouping can read.
• Public can read.

Why practise WordPress file permissions affair?

Having the proper WordPress file permissions is important for the security and performance of your site.

If yous make your file permissions too permissive, that can be a security issue because people might exist able to modify or execute files/folders that they shouldn't have admission to. For example, they could use this to insert malicious code on your site.

But at the same time, if you make your file permissions too restrictive, your site might non be able to function properly. If sure users can't even read files on your server, your WordPress site won't work.

For example, file permissions that are too strict tin oft cause issues with WordPress plugins considering the plugin might not exist immune to modify certain files that it needs to edit.

For that reason, you'll typically give file users some permissions, but not all.

Does everyone demand to set their file permissions?

Honestly, no. Most people will never demand to collaborate with WordPress file permissions.

Why? Because if yous choose a quality WordPress hosting provider, they should automatically configure WordPress to utilize the optimal file permissions for that host'due south environment.

I've been using WordPress for over a decade and I've never needed to manually mess with file permissions. This is considering I've always relied on my host to exercise things for me.

Withal, that doesn't mean there aren't situations where y'all might demand to brand a tweak. Things can get messed up in weird ways and checking file permissions is an important step in troubleshooting a lot of issues, such as the "403 Forbidden" fault.

Basically:

• If you're using loftier-quality WordPress hosting and yous don't accept a specific reason to think about your file permissions, you probably don't need to do anything.
• If you're trying to debug a sure issue/error or yous recently migrated a site from a local development environs to live hosting, y'all might need to manually dig into your site's file permissions.

What do the dissimilar numbers in file permissions mean?

File permissions are typically represented by a serial of three numbers – due east.thousand. 644. Y'all might also meet letters and dashes similar rw-rw-r--, simply that format is less common.

Each digit in the three-number sequence corresponds to a specific type of user:

• Showtime digit – Owner.
• 2d digit – User accounts in the owner's groups.
• Third digit – Public.

And then, each action is assigned a number:

• Read – 4
• Write – two
• Execute – 1

The number in each digit place is then the sum of the actions that that type of user can perform. For instance, if the number in the first digit is "6", that means that the Owner (first digit) tin Read (4) and Write (2) … 4+2 is vi which is why the digit is 6.

If a certain blazon of user has all permissions, the number would be 7 (iv+2+1).

This is why 777 is the most permissive mode. Information technology means that all three types of users can perform all three deportment.

Even so, yous should pretty much never set whatever WordPress file permissions to 777. It's a huge security risk – unless you lot absolutely know what you're doing, you should never set up any file or folder to 777.

What are the right WordPress file permissions?

Now that yous understand what file permissions are, let's go over the optimal configuration for WordPress.

But get-go – I need to specify that some of this depends on your hosting provider and how your host has configured your server.

When in dubiousness, we recommend always post-obit the advice of your host equally they'll have a improve understanding of the optimal configuration for their surroundings.

With that being said, the file permissions that we'll share beneath should work for the vast bulk of WordPress sites.

We'll cover the optimal file permissions for four different areas:

• WordPress files
• WordPress folders
• wp-config.php
• .htaccess

The last two files are sensitive, which is why they deserve special attending.

WordPress file permissions

All WordPress files should accept 644 file permissions, with the potential exception of the ii files that we'll single out below.

WordPress folder permissions

All WordPress folders should have 755 file permissions.

WordPress wp-config.php file permissions

Your site'due south wp-config.php file is 1 of the virtually sensitive WordPress files, so it deserves some actress attention.

Even so, the optimal wp-config.php file permissions tin can exist a lilliputian tricky because it depends on how your host has configured things.

Some hosts will configure the wp-config.php file to be 644 like other WordPress files. This is true of some popular managed WordPress hosts that I've tested.

However, the official WordPress Codex recommends 440 or 400 for the wp-config.php file. Some experts, like iThemes Security, recommend 444, and others 640 or 600.

Basically, you'll encounter a lot of different options here. When in doubt, it's e'er a good idea to ask for your host's recommendation based on their specific configuration. Or, just outset with 440 or 400.

WordPress .htaccess file permissions

The .htaccess file is another of import configuration file that you lot might want further restrict admission to.

Every bit with the wp-config.php file, some hosts will configure the .htaccess file to be 644 like other WordPress files. This is also the configuration recommended by the WordPress.org Codex, so it'due south a proficient identify to get-go. This is because a lot of plugins need to write to the .htaccess file, including many caching plugins.

However, some experts, such equally iThemes Security, recommend using 444 instead. But keep in mind that if you lot use 444 your plugins won't exist able to write to .htaccess, which might cause issues.

How to modify file permissions

Now that you know what the file permissions should be, permit's embrace how yous can go and actually change your WordPress file permissions.

The easiest way to change WordPress file permissions is to use FTP and your favorite FTP client – I similar FileZilla because it'southward costless and open-source. If your host uses cPanel, you lot can too use cPanel File Manager. Still, I'm going to focus on the FTP method in this section.

To get started, you'll want to connect to your WordPress site's server using FTP. If you're not sure how to exercise that, check out our full guide to WordPress FTP.

The interface screenshots below are based on FileZilla – information technology might exist a fleck different in other FTP clients.

In one case y'all've connected, navigate to the binder that contains your WordPress site. This volition exist the same binder that contains the wp-admin and wp-content folders.

To edit file permissions, right-click on one or more than files or folders and cull the File Permissions selection. For case, if you right-click on the wp-content binder, y'all can see that its permissions are 755, which is what you lot desire.

If you needed to edit the permissions, y'all could only enter the numbers in the Numeric value box and click OK:

To help you save fourth dimension, FileZilla gives you an choice to Recurse into subdirectories. Essentially, this lets you utilise the same file permissions to all of the files and folders inside the directory that you lot've selected.

However, think that WordPress files and folders should have unlike file permissions, and then brand sure you employ the sub-options to Apply to files only or Utilize to directories only.

For example, to instantly prepare the proper file permissions for all of your folders, you could:

1. Select all of the folders.
2. Correct-click and choose File Permissions.
3. Enter 755.
4. Select Recurse into subdirectories.
5. Select Apply to directories only (and then that you don't modify the file permissions for files inside the folders that you've selected).
6. Click OK.

That will permit y'all instantly apply 755 permissions to all of the folders on your server. You can employ the same idea to apply 644 permissions to all files.

Get your WordPress file permissions sorted today

Having the correct WordPress file permissions is of import for the security and functioning of your site. With that being said, near quality WordPress hosts handle configuring file permissions for you, and then y'all don't usually need to change them yourself.

You might have situations where you practice, though, which is why we went over the optimal WordPress file permissions in this mail and showed yous how to change them using FileZilla and FTP.

For another ways to secure your WordPress site, check out our posts with the primal WordPress security tips and the all-time WordPress security plugins.

Practise you still have any questions virtually WordPress file permissions? Let u.s. know in the comments department and we'll try to help.

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